For example, Gorillaz appearing in the June of 2007 to promote the then-recent single Dare.
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The EMA formula puts more weight on the recent price. It shows the average price over a certain period of time. The EMA is a line on the price chart that uses a mathematical formula to smooth out the price action. I.VI Summary Exponential Moving Average Formula Explained After, we will dive into some of the key rules. Let’s first examine what a moving average is and the moving average formula. Also, read the hidden secrets of moving average. In simple terms, you can trade with it on your preferred chart. If the strategy works on any type of market, they work for any time frame. This includes stocks, indices, Forex, currencies, and the crypto-currencies market, like the virtual currency Bitcoin. The EMA Strategy is a universal trading strategy that works in all markets. Building a foundation of understanding will help you dramatically improve your outcomes as a trader. Make sure you go through the recommended articles if you want to better understand how the market works. You can also learn the basics of support and resistance here, Support and Resistance Zones – Road to Successful Trading. You can review the trend here, MACD Trend Following Strategy – Simple to Learn Trading Strategy. Our team at Trading Strategy Guides has already covered the topic, trend following systems. It can also provide the support and resistance level to execute your trade. Many traders use exponential moving averages, an effective type of moving average indicator, to trade in a variety of markets.Īn exponential moving average strategy, or EMA strategy, is used to identify the predominant trend in the market. Use what you learn to turn your trading around and become a successful, long-term trader! A moving average can be a very effective indicator. In this step-by-step guide, you’ll learn a simple moving average strategy. It is one of the most popular trading indicators used by thousands of traders. The exponential moving average is the oldest form of technical analysis. Top Recruits: senior OH Julia Blyashov (Stanford), senior RS Noemie Glover (Oregon), senior MB, Ryleigh Patterson (Harvard), senior OH Cate Schell (Tennessee), senior OH Milan Bayless (Colgate), junior MB Jenna Hanes (Michigan), junior S Amanda Saeger (DePaul).Continuously places in the top four of the CIF Division 1 and were CIF champions last year.Top Recruits: senior L/DS Kenzie Dyrstad (Rutgers), senior MB Ava Greene (Concordia), senior OH/DS Stella Adeyemi (Hawaii), junior MB Morgan Bode (South Dakota), junior OH Lauren Medeck (South Dakota)Ĭathedral Catholic High School (California).Won five state titles in the past twenty years.Papillion La Vista South High School (Nebraska) Top Recruits: senior MB Zeta Washington (Cincinnati), senior S Jessica Shattles (New Hampshire), senior OH Ava-Grace Redick (College of Charleston) and junior MB Chelsea Sutton (Tennessee).GEICO Girls Volleyball Invitational Tournament Field (team notes and top college commits) The GEICO Girls Volleyball Invitational was created as part of the ESPN Girls High School Series, along with the Girls Basketball Invitational. The two-day tournament, hosted at Papillion La Vista South High School in Papillion, Neb., brings together four elite girls high school volleyball teams from four states: Papillion La Vista South High School (Nebraska), Ponte Vedra High School (Florida), Skyview High School (Idaho) and Cathedral Catholic High School (California). Elite High Schools to Participate in Four-Team Volleyball Tournament, October 7-8ĮSPN will air the second annual GEICO Girls Volleyball Invitational on ESPNU and ESPN+ beginning Friday, Oct.$500k paid on the underlying and $800k on the umbrella. Also on the motorcycle was his pregnant fiance who was severely injured. A motorcyclist strikes it and was killed. Second one: rancher has a farm animal that gets out onto a major highway at night. Needless to say, he had several intrigued insurance investigators asking him lots of questions. He hadn't even made the first monthly payment. He called his insurance company and they sold it to him. He read a side article in some men's magazine about the importance of an umbrella. The crazy part? He literally bought the umbrella policy less than a month earlier. His primary (underlying) homeowner's paid the policy limit of $300,000 in liability (plus the property damage portion for the damage to his own), and then his umbrella kicked in another $850,000. Hours later, the fence catches on fire and burns down his townhouse.along with the two adjoining townhomes. He threw his cigarette on the ground next to a wooden fence. His adult son was home and smoking a cigarette in the backyard. The story was, he lived in a nice townhouse. I have two stories of umbrella's being used, thankfully neither were my clients at the time.įirst one: He was referred to me by another client who was "looking for an umbrella policy because his was non-renewed and no one will touch him." Of course this got me interested. Lots of good answers already so I won't rehash about why the premiums are low. If you're really concerned and not sure what to do, talk to your insurance company about an umbrella policy and if it's a good idea for you.Īgent here. Until you have around a $300k net worth, the amount of a standard liability policy in the US, you don't really need one. Because that's the whole point of an umbrella policy.īut if you're just starting your FIRE journey and don't have a high net worth, an umbrella policy is pointless. They can still sue for $5M, but they'll be suing your insurance company and it's the insurance company that would have to pay out. Now, if you had an umbrella policy covering your $5M in assets, that policy would kick in after the liability limits are reached. Your money is gone and you have to go back to work. You spend $50k on lawyers to defend you and you still lose. A private detective finds out that you used to work at Google but retired early with $5M in assets. The liability limit on your policy is $300k, but they want more. They sue your insurance company to get reimbursed for medical expenses. You're driving your car, get distracted, and smash into a bunch of cars. So your nest egg is secure.Įdit: Here's the situation that umbrella policies are meant to protect you from: With an umbrella policy, if the insurance company loses, they're the ones that pay - not you. And if you lose, there goes your nest egg. If you get into a similar situation without an umbrella policy, those people would be suing you and you'd have to hire an attorney to defend you and you might lose. Umbrella policies are for liability coverage and only kick in when your existing liability policy limits have been reached. Keep in mind that they're fighting the people suing you, they're not fighting you. I’ve heard from an asset attorney (not an unbiased source, i know) that those insurance companies will fight tooth and nail not to pay out. He bought a generator.įollowing the power shutoff, the electricity charges continued, labeled as “unmetered estimated consumption” in bills reviewed by CalMatters, meaning the utility generated them without checking Hollman’s meter. In March of 2019, the department shut off his power due to non-payment. But the water agency insisted on full payment of his bill, according to correspondence from his social worker reviewed by CalMatters. He applied for $2,000 of assistance from the Los Angeles County Department of Public Social Services to keep service on. Under financial stress following a messy separation, Hollman said he let the bills pile up.īy early 2019, his unpaid balance had mounted to nearly $9,000. Hollman’s utilities troubles began well before the pandemic.Īfter opening an account in 2017, he began receiving unusually high electricity charges topping $1,000 - even during months when no one was living in the house because he was staying with his parents - which Hollman attributes to billing errors by the LA utility. Those are all pieces of the puzzle,” Hanak said. “For public health and safety, it’s important for people to have roofs over their heads, clean water and power. Can the money be distributed quickly enough to prevent shutoffs?.When it comes to forgiving California’s utility debt, key questions remain: “You don’t want people to be shut off from basic services,” Hanak said, “But it’s also a hit to the entire community if utilities aren’t able to balance their books because that can have all sorts of ripple effects on the abilities of water and electrical systems to run well.” This will be an important “reboot” to protect Californians and utility companies, said Ellen Hanak, director of the Water Policy Center at the Public Policy Institute of California. He has signed the energy bills relief into law, while the water bills relief still awaits his signature. “We’re laser-focused on getting this assistance out the door as quickly as possible,” Newsom said in a statement about ongoing rent relief and the utilities relief plan. But it doesn’t extend the current shutoff moratoria past Sept. The deal is a patchwork of new programs to forgive $2 billion of utilities debt and old programs to help households chip away at the rest, with a wide range of eligibility criteria and timelines. On July 11, lawmakers revealed a plan to use one-time federal relief money to address the debt. Utility debt makes up about 6% of all assistance requested so far. A spokesperson for the state’s COVID-19 Rent Relief program said that of the $158 million distributed as of July 16, less than $40,000 had gone to utilities relief. The state has so far prioritized rent relief - keeping people housed - over utility relief. Official estimates of unpaid water and energy bills accumulated during the pandemic verge on $2.7 billion, affecting a few million Californians - and those figures have been growing rapidly. Those 11 days without water or power are a window into what could happen to millions of Californians in the coming months and years, depending on how swiftly and effectively the state distributes relief. Ultimately the state’s water agency convinced the LA department to turn on Hollman’s water. You… start having feelings of failure as a parent.” “I have a history of paying my bills, working, being a good provider. “It’s been demoralizing, humiliating,” Hollman said on the eighth day. He called the department’s customer service and said a representative told him that he must pay off his utility debt of $9,064.13 - largely consisting of charges that Hollman disputes as erroneous - before water or power could be restored. Hollman played it off with the kids as some kind of fun obstacle course. They couch-surfed and used friends’ showers. For 11 days, they camped out in air-conditioned grocery stores, Starbucks or his truck. Hollman, his 10-year-old son and his 16-year-old stepdaughter endured 11 days of temperatures in the high 90s to low 100s without water or power. Gavin Newsom recently extended through Sept. In late June of this year, the department disconnected the water, too - despite a statewide moratorium on water shutoffs that Gov. Two years ago the Los Angeles Department of Water and Power shut off electricity at Will Hollman’s home in the San Fernando Valley, forcing the family to rely on a gasoline generator. The rear trunk lid/hatch bears a lip spoiler. The doors have black horizontal handles and body-colored mirror shells with black supports, while the greenhouse area bears a plastic trim around the windows, a painted C-pillar with "450GT" badges on either side and a central frame on the roof area. On the sides, a set of marker lights and silver "IMPONTE" lettering are seen on the front, while the arches and the skirts have a slightly flared profile. The section between the main lights bears silver "IMPONTE" lettering next to the driver-side lamp, while the front of the hood bears the manufacturer emblem. The turn signals can be seen on the bumper, while a set of square-shaped lights can be seen on the hood area within black housings, under small hatches that resemble pop-up headlights (though no animation is present). The front end has a slanted profile, with small intakes on the lower edges and a central grille/intake below the bumper area, just behind a plate holder. The Ruiner assumes a similar role and build from the Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas iteration of the Buffalo, but sports modernized features around. Ruiners may feature "RUINER" decals and stripes along the lower part of the doors, much like that of the Camaro IROC-Z, although the stripes and decals share colors with the ground effects, much like 1982- 1984 Trans Ams. The tail lights and trunk spoiler are shaped like those of the Camaro, but the area between and below the tail lights better resembles the Firebird, with "IMPONTE" and "Ruiner 450GT" positioned where the Firebird logo would be. The rear window is shaped after the one seen on the first generation Mazda RX-7. The rims resemble those of the Mitsubishi Starion, and the added B-pillars on the rear window may also come from the Starion. The hood resembles that of a Nissan 300ZX Z31 with an optional offset cowl induction hood strikingly similar to those found on 1982-1984 Trans Ams and 1985- 1992 Firebird Formulas. Continued abuse of our services will cause your IP address to be blocked indefinitely.The Ruiner is prominently inspired on the third generation Pontiac Firebird, with cues from a variety of other 80s muscles and coupés. Please fill out the CAPTCHA below and then click the button to indicate that you agree to these terms. If you wish to be unblocked, you must agree that you will take immediate steps to rectify this issue. If you do not understand what is causing this behavior, please contact us here. If you promise to stop (by clicking the Agree button below), we'll unblock your connection for now, but we will immediately re-block it if we detect additional bad behavior. Overusing our search engine with a very large number of searches in a very short amount of time.Using a badly configured (or badly written) browser add-on for blocking content.Running a "scraper" or "downloader" program that either does not identify itself or uses fake headers to elude detection.Using a script or add-on that scans GameFAQs for box and screen images (such as an emulator front-end), while overloading our search engine.There is no official GameFAQs app, and we do not support nor have any contact with the makers of these unofficial apps. Continued use of these apps may cause your IP to be blocked indefinitely. This triggers our anti-spambot measures, which are designed to stop automated systems from flooding the site with traffic. Some unofficial phone apps appear to be using GameFAQs as a back-end, but they do not behave like a real web browser does.Using GameFAQs regularly with these browsers can cause temporary and even permanent IP blocks due to these additional requests. If you are using Maxthon or Brave as a browser, or have installed the Ghostery add-on, you should know that these programs send extra traffic to our servers for every page on the site that you browse.The most common causes of this issue are: Your IP address has been temporarily blocked due to a large number of HTTP requests. Ideally use an edging half moon iron or a sharp spade to straighten edges and shear to trim the grass. Never mow when the ground is waterlogged, frozen or in drought conditions.Įdging the lawn gives a lovely crisp finish and is a quick and easy fix to an untidy garden. Spring to early summer will require more regular mowing whilst winter will require little or no mowing. Scalped grass leads to bare patches that encourages weeds and moss. Mow regularly on a higher setting rather than scalping the lawn after it’s got too long.There are a few useful rules to follow with mowing to ensure you aren’t further damaging the grass. One of the easiest ways of making a lawn look loved and cared for is to mow and edge. Keep the new seedlings moist whilst germinating and don’t mow until the new grass is between 5-8cm high. Lightly rake the seed into the soil and then water well if no rain is forecast. For larger areas, I always recommend using a spreader. Sow the whole area you want overseeded at a rate of 25g per metre square. It’s a good idea to add a lawn dressing at this stage to even out any lumps or bumps and provide good anchorage for the new seed. Overseeding helps to improve the appearance of thin and patchy lawns rather than completely starting from scratch.īefore applying seed, mow your lawn and then rake out all the clippings and any debris. It’s best to aerate after scarifying in the autumn and spring every couple of years but for really compacted areas where the soil is very hard it’s best to do it every year. It’s also a good way to help relieve compaction in the lawns especially on well used areas like a pathway.Īeration is performed by creating small holes in the soil at certain intervals and depths and can be done using a garden fork or specially made tools and machines - even aerating shoes are available! This process allows better penetration of air, water and nutrients to the root zone of the grass. ScarifyĪs mentioned above, scarifying helps get rid of thatch and if you do it using a rake, it provides you with a great work out! Scarifying is an essential part of lawn TLC and is great used before aerating. You can also apply a moss killer but wait for it to turn black and die before raking it out. Can that be improved, or is it best not to have a lawn in that area, but instead a flowerbed or similar?ĭon’t scalp when you mow (cut the grass extremely short with very low blades) as this damage can encourage moss. This might mean regular scarifying, aerating and feeding to improve the lawns chances of outcompeting the moss. It’s always a good idea to try to identify the cause and take measures to remedy that. If left untreated, the level of moss will increase, reducing the grass’s ability to grow. Mosses are ground-hugging non-flowering plants that thrive in lawn areas that have poor drainage, lots of shade, compaction and are thin and patchy with weak grass growth. You can then browse through the games and apps catalog to find the ones that suit your needs.ĪPKMODY takes feedback from you and other lovely users to continue to upgrade, improve the playing field as well as the quality of MOD versions posted in the future. The reason is only because the signature of the MOD version has been changed compared to the original.ĪPKMODY compiles and publishes the best games and apps based on trends and requests from users. 2) Switch ON/OFF - Toggle light depending on the current light state. Remotix is a fast, secure and feature packed remote desktop tool to access your computer from anywhere. Work from Home with Comfort Remotix is a fast. Options: 1) Switch OFF - Always switch off, doesnt matter which state the light currently has. Download latest version of Remotix VNC, RDP, NEAR (Remote Desktop) apk for pc or android 2023. We even turn off unnecessary app permissions to optimize battery life and your privacy.ĭON’T WORRY if security apps on Android give warnings. A simple App for changing state of your Philips hue lights using NFC tags. If you want to learn more about its history, development, future vision, etc., you can visit theĪPKMODY always uses the original APK from Google Play as the foundation for the birth of quality MOD versions. Use the search button to find what you’re looking for, or browse the pre-designed categories We continue working on restoring the app in the Google Play Store, however the decision is still on their side. APKMODY is an open playground for lovers of Android games & apps.Īt APKMODY, you can easily search and download thousands of MOD APK, Premium APK and Original APK games and apps for free. Unfortunately, we cannot distribute a free. Download: 1,362: Data: : Perché quest’app è su Uptodown (Più informazioni) Versione precedente. And, keep in mind, if you don’t consider the sand at the beach a problem, you likely shouldn’t consider the sand on the playground a problem either. Let’s not hesitate to let our children take advantage of all the benefits and fun possible there. Backyard sandboxes can range from small, lightweight plastic play zones for toddlers to big areas where all the neighborhood kids can pile in and dig. Sand play is one of the most wonderful aspects of any playspace especially when there is a water source nearby. But, set it back far enough to keep sand from causing a slip hazard on the path. And don’t forget to position a sandbox on your playground so that it’s near enough to a primary path to be easily accessible to those with limited mobility. This is why keeping rakes, brooms and shovels nearby is always a good idea. We have some other fun tricks to get the sand off the feet of children as they leave the sandbox – although the truth is, kids love to carry sand and water to and fro so sand always seems to travel. And, it keeps the critters off (as do the tall fences surrounding at least the school playgrounds). The mesh allows the sun and fresh air to keep the sand clean and prevent it from going sour. helps child improve balance and gross motor coordination. If visiting animals or falling leaves are a problem, when not in use, sandboxes can be covered with a simple, loose mesh cover, and tied or weighted down. Sandbox Kids who can't walk or who are unsteady can play just like any other child when. Start out by filling the sand-boxes with silica-free play sand. With a huge play area of nearly 4 square metres, this arena of sand encourages inventiveness for. Wow 2 kids 1 sandbox was a horrific video by Theheftylefty July 01, 2018. But the truth is that when sandboxes or sand pits are built and cared for properly, they are wonderfully safe. Imaginations run wild with the Large Octagonal Sandpit. A video that went viral where a woman shoves a dildo in a man’s penis hole. No one wants a child to play in a kitty litter box or breathe in silica dust. Why then, are some of those same people frolicking at the beach (let’s be clear - the adult kind) so concerned about the cleanliness and safety of the local sandbox? We get it. Add just the right amount of water to sand and the possibilities grow exponentially. A castle made of sand is not static like a castle made of hardened plastic. Yes, sand castles and other sand structures can break apart, but they can also be fixed, completely changed, or stomped into oblivion. Sand play gives children the opportunity to practice these skills by scooping sand, making sandcastles, and using sand toys. 2 kids 1 sandbox reaction (link provided) - YouTube 0:00 / 1:13 2 kids 1 sandbox reaction (link provided) vueboy 120 subscribers Subscribe 421 294K views 14 years ago holy shit, i was not. Building with sand is just so satisfying. What is it that makes playing with sand so magical? If you find yourself on a beach this summer, take a moment to watch the children (and some creative adults). This is required and cannot be null when using omDom().Ī function that defines what the widget should do when a link is tapped. The DOM document passed to the Html widget. This is required and cannot be null when using Html(). Currently the SelectableText.rich() constructor does not support WidgetSpans, resulting in the feature losses above. Once the above issue is resolved, the aforementioned compromises will go away. bold or italic), while container related styling (e.g. Styling support is significantly reduced. (Support for customRender may be added in the future). No support for customRender, customImageRender, onImageError, onImageTap, onMathError, and navigationDelegateForIframe. Key omissions include no support for images/video/audio, table, and ul/ol. The list of tags that can be rendered is significantly reduced. Please note: Due to Flutter #38474, selectable text support is significantly watered down compared to the standard non-selectable version of the widget. The difference between the two is the same as noted above. The package also has two constructors for selectable text support - SelectableHtml() and omDom(). This eliminates the need to parse the modified Document back to a string, pass to Html(), and convert back to a Document, thus cutting down on load times. Then, you can directly pass the modified Document to the package. If you would like to modify or sanitize the HTML before rendering it, then omDom() is for you - you can convert the HTML string to a Document and use its methods to modify the HTML as you wish. The Html() constructor is for those who would like to directly pass HTML from the source to the package to be rendered. The package currently has two different constructors - Html() and omDom(). If you need something more robust and customizable, the package also provides a number of optional custom APIs for extremely granular control over widget rendering! API Reference: #īelow, you will find brief descriptions of the parameters the Html widget accepts and some code snippets to help you use this package. This project has expanded to include support for basic styling as well! Originally created to allow basic rendering of HTML content into the Flutter widget tree, This package is designed with simplicity in mind. Typedef ImageSourceMatcher (with examples)Īdd the following to your pubspec.yaml file: dependencies:Ĭurrently Supported Inline CSS Attributes: #ĭon't see a tag or attribute you need? File a feature request or contribute to the project! Why this package? # Screenshot 1Ĭurrently Supported Inline CSS Attributes In the below source code you’ll find all the above concepts.A Flutter widget for rendering HTML and CSS as Flutter widgets. That sums up Material Components Text Fields for now. Setting the above styles in the shapeAppearance attributes gives us this - Android Material Text Field Shapes We have two built-in shapes - cut and round. It lets us customize the shape of the text field. Here’s how it looks on the screen: Android Material Text Field End Iconsįor the custom icon, we can use setEndIconOnClickListener callback to listen to clicks and do stuff. For the custom icon, we use the endIconDrawable attribute We can set our own icon tint on these icons using endIconTint attribute. The above attributes are self-explanatory. Currently, the three types of icons that are available built-in are : These are basically icons set at the right of the text field. Moving forward, now let’s set end icon modes. Here’s how it looks: Android Material Text Field Outlined Box End Icon Modes To set the corner radius, following attributes are used:īoxStrokeColor is used to set the stroke color of the outline. Here’s how this looks on the screen: Android Material Text Field Dense Standard Filled Box Outline Box Text FieldsĪpply the following style on the TextInputLayout to get the outlined look text fields: to FilledBox, this has the two height variants as well - Standard and Dense. īy default the FilledBox.Standard style is used app:boxBackgroundColor is used to set the filled box color. Dense - dense Text field is slightly shorter in height.Standard - This is used by default if nothing else is there.Text Fields have two types of height variants: In the next few sections, we’ll customize text fields in different ways. implementation ':material:1.1.0-alpha09'īy default, an input text field has a filled background to draw users attention. Also, set the MaterialComponent theme in your Activity. We just need to use TextInputEditText! First and foremost, import the new material components dependency. TextInputLayout provides an implementation for Material text fields. We have already implemented TextInputLayout here. In this tutorial, we’ll implement Text Fields using the new Material Design Components Library. T-wave inversions that are secondary to these conditions are typically symmetric and there is simultaneous ST-segment depression. Secondary T-wave inversions – similar to secondary ST-segment depressions – are caused by bundle branch block, pre-excitation, hypertrophy and ventricular pacemaker stimulation. Normalization of T-wave inversion after myocardial infarction is a good prognostic indicator. T-wave inversions may actually become chronic after myocardial infarction. Negative U-waves my occur when post-ischemic T-wave inversions are present. They may be gigantic (10 mm or more) or less than 1 mm. These T-wave inversions are symmetric with varying depth. Post-ischemic T-wave inversion is caused by abnormal repolarization. Such T-waves are seen after periods of ischemia, after infarction and after successful reperfusion (PCI). This is explained by the fact that T-wave inversions do occur after an ischemic episode, and these T-wave inversions are referred to as post-ischemic T-waves. Then one might wonder why T-wave inversions are included as criteria for myocardial infarction. T-wave inversions without simultaneous ST-segment deviation are not ischemic! However, T-wave inversions that are accompanied by ST-segment deviation (either depression or elevation) is representative of ischemia (but in that scenario, it is actually the ST-segment deviation that signals that the ischemia is ongoing). It is a general misunderstanding that T-wave inversions, without simultaneous ST-segment deviation, indicate acute (ongoing) myocardial ischemia. Ischemia never causes isolated T-wave inversions. In any instance, one must verify whether the inversion is isolated, because if there is T-wave inversion in two anatomically contiguous leads, then it is pathological. Isolated T-wave inversions also occur in leads V2, III or aVL. It is generally concordant with the QRS complex (which is negative in lead V1). Normal T-wave inversionĪn isolated (single) T-wave inversion in lead V1 is common and normal. T-wave inversions are frequently misunderstood, particularly in the setting of ischemia. The T-wave is negative if its terminal portion is below the baseline, regardless of whether its other parts are above the baseline. T-wave inversion means that the T-wave is negative. T-wave inversion (inverted / negative T-waves) Their duration is short they typically disappear within minutes after a total occlusion in a coronary artery occurs (then of course, the ST segment will be elevated). Hyperacute T-waves are broad based, high and symmetric. These must be differentiated from hyperacute T-waves seen in the very early phase of myocardial ischemia. A common cause of abnormally large T-waves is hyperkalemia, which results in high, pointed and asymmetric T-waves. T-waves that are higher than 10 mm and 8 mm, in men and women, respectively, should be considered abnormal. Usually, though, the amplitude in V2–V3 is around 6 mm and 3 mm in men and women, respectively. In the chest leads the amplitude is highest in V2–V3, where it may occasionally reach 10 mm in men and 8 mm in women. Positive T-waves are rarely higher than 6 mm in the limb leads (typically highest in lead II). All T-waves are illustrated in Figure 18. Below follows a discussion which aims to clarify some of the common misunderstandings. T-wave changes are notoriously misinterpreted, particularly inverted T-waves. Discordance and concordance between QRS and ST-T. A negative T-wave is also called an inverted T-wave. Otherwise there is discordance (opposite directions of QRS and T) which might be due to pathology. The T-wave should be concordant with the QRS complex, meaning that a net positive QRS complex should be followed by a positive T-wave, and vice versa ( Figure 17). Women have a more symmetrical T-wave, a more distinct transition from ST segment to T-wave and lower T-wave amplitude. The T-wave is normally slightly asymmetric since its downslope (second half) is steeper than its upslope (first half). As noted above, the transition from the ST segment to the T-wave should be smooth. The amplitude diminishes with increasing age. The T-wave amplitude is highest in V2–V3. The normal T-wave in adults is positive in most precordial and limb leads. Assessment of the T-wave represents a difficult but fundamental part of ECG interpretation. |
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